[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/muzsky-chromozom-y\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/muzsky-chromozom-y\/","headline":"Mu\u017esk\u00fd chromoz\u00f3m Y","name":"Mu\u017esk\u00fd chromoz\u00f3m Y","description":"Za odpove\u010fou vzniku mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlavia sa mus\u00edme \u00eds\u0165 trocha pov\u0155ta\u0165 v\u00a0genetike na chromoz\u00f3movej \u00farovni. Za vznikom \u017eensk\u00e9ho alebo mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlavia stoja toti\u017eto dva typy chromoz\u00f3mov: \u00a0 Chromoz\u00f3m XX \u2013 dve dvojit\u00e9 X predur\u010duj\u00fa k\u00a0vzniku \u017eensk\u00e9ho (sami\u010dieho) pohlavia. X ako tak\u00e9 je ve\u013ek\u00fd chromoz\u00f3m (oproti chromoz\u00f3mu Y) a\u00a0tak sa niektor\u00ed vedci domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee tento chromoz\u00f3m sa […]","datePublished":"2025-03-02","dateModified":"2025-03-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"lomi.sk\n","url":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7b590144558ebad68292226b8af0772e2d53ba82fa105c348ae9b5254e51a11?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7b590144558ebad68292226b8af0772e2d53ba82fa105c348ae9b5254e51a11?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"lomi.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a284727_w2037_t1517688911.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a284727_w2037_t1517688911.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/muzsky-chromozom-y\/","about":["Mu\u017ei"],"wordCount":525,"articleBody":"Za odpove\u010fou vzniku mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlavia sa mus\u00edme \u00eds\u0165 trocha pov\u0155ta\u0165 v\u00a0genetike na chromoz\u00f3movej \u00farovni. Za vznikom \u017eensk\u00e9ho alebo mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlavia stoja toti\u017eto dva typy chromoz\u00f3mov:\u00a0\t\tChromoz\u00f3m XX \u2013 dve dvojit\u00e9 X predur\u010duj\u00fa k\u00a0vzniku \u017eensk\u00e9ho (sami\u010dieho) pohlavia. X ako tak\u00e9 je ve\u013ek\u00fd chromoz\u00f3m (oproti chromoz\u00f3mu Y) a\u00a0tak sa niektor\u00ed vedci domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee tento chromoz\u00f3m sa na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te vyskytol ako prv\u00fd. Chromoz\u00f3m Y pri tom vznikol ako odvodenie z\u00a0chromoz\u00f3mu X ako ur\u010dit\u00e1 forma mut\u00e1cie.\t\tchromoz\u00f3m XY \u2013 mu\u017esk\u00fd jedinec vznikne v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f sa k\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu X chromoz\u00f3mu prid\u00e1 Y chromoz\u00f3m, ktor\u00fd je o\u00a0polovicu men\u0161\u00ed\u00a0Niektor\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee predur\u010denos\u0165, \u010di sa jedinec stane mu\u017eom a\u00a0\u010di \u017eenou nast\u00e1va e\u0161te v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sp\u00e1jania sa vaj\u00ed\u010dka a\u00a0spermie, kde sa dve genetick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie (genetickej inform\u00e1cie vaj\u00ed\u010dka a genetickej inform\u00e1cie spermie) spoja v\u00a0jedno a\u00a0daj\u00fa vznik nov\u00e9ho jedinca. In\u00ed vedci ale tento n\u00e1zor spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa. Pod\u013ea nich e\u0161te v\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1diu delenia buniek, ke\u010f s\u00fa vyv\u00edjaj\u00face jedince e\u0161te bezpohlavn\u00e9, s\u00fa odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na vplyvy vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia \u2013 ktor\u00fdm s\u00fa v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade pr\u00edlivy horm\u00f3nov v\u00a0tele matky. Ak sa pod\u013ea nich jedinec dostane pod vplyv v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho mno\u017estva testoster\u00f3nu (horm\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd sa vo zv\u00fd\u0161enej miere vyskytuje v\u00a0mu\u017eskom tele), stane sa z\u00a0neho mu\u017e. Kde je pravda sa d\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eko odhadn\u00fa\u0165, nako\u013eko e\u0161te nepozn\u00e1me v\u0161etky mechanizmy, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v\u00a0tele matky v\u00a0obdob\u00ed gravidity.\u00a0V\u00a0ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade, vo zvieracej r\u00ed\u0161i je ot\u00e1zka vzniku pohlavia e\u0161te komplikovanej\u0161ia, ako by sme mysleli. Pri niektor\u00fdch druhoch toti\u017eto za vznik ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pohlavia s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 i\u00a0stavy prostredia:\u00a0\t\tu\u00a0krokod\u00edlov je ot\u00e1zka pohlavia ur\u010dovan\u00e1 teplotou prostredia, v\u00a0ktorom sa vaj\u00ed\u010dka vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa. Ak je teplota prostredia ni\u017e\u0161ia, liahnu sa sami\u010dky. Ak je teplota ide\u00e1lna, alebo trochu vy\u0161\u0161ia, liahnu sa sam\u010dekovia\t\tpri\u00a0samiciach hyen \u0161kvrnit\u00fdch je mu\u017esk\u00fd horm\u00f3n testoster\u00f3n vo vy\u0161\u0161ej hladine, ako u\u00a0samcov. To sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee s\u00fa samice ove\u013ea agres\u00edvnej\u0161ia a\u00a0dominantnej\u0161ie ako samce a\u00a0dokonca t\u00e1to zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina sp\u00f4sobuje aj zmenu ich morfologickej stavby: samice s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, viac svalnatej\u0161ie, dokonca sa u\u00a0sam\u00edc vyvinul ak\u00fdsi \u201epseudopenis\u201c, ktor\u00fd vyzer\u00e1 na nerozoznanie od sam\u010dieho penisu. Preto v\u00a0obdob\u00ed gravidity s\u00fa embry\u00e1 v\u00a0tele matky ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00e9 testoster\u00f3nom a\u00a0napriek tomu vo vrhu s\u00fa ako samce tak i\u00a0samice.\t\tniektor\u00e9 druhy ja\u0161ter\u00edc, napr\u00edklad varany komodsk\u00e9 sa vedia rozmno\u017eova\u0165 i\u00a0bezpohlavne \u2013 bez pr\u00edtomnosti samca (to vedia i\u00a0niektor\u00ed z\u00e1stupcovia hmyzu, ako napr. vo\u0161ky)\t\tdokonca jeden p\u00fa\u0161tny druh ja\u0161ter\u00edc samcov v\u00f4bec nem\u00e1. Cel\u00fd druh pozost\u00e1va len zo sam\u00edc a\u00a0tie produkuj\u00fa svoje \u201eklony\u201c                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Mu\u017esk\u00fd chromoz\u00f3m Y","item":"https:\/\/www.lomi.sk\/muzsky-chromozom-y\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]